Injection nozzle



Oct. 25, 1932. T, CRUMBAKER 1,885,004

INJECTION NOZZLE Filed May 21, 1930 IZLLLLLLICLLLIII fix I Ir 1 W (MMPatented Oct. 25, 1932 UNITED STATES ALL-EN T. CRUMBAKER, OF BROOKLYN,NEW YORK INJECTION NOZZLE Application filed May 21, 1930. Serial No.454,468.

This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus for oil engines ofthe so-called solid injection type.

More particularly the invention consists in a nozzle structure effectiveto spray the 011 into the engine cylinder, and effective to maintainpredetermined characteristics of the spray under variable engine speedsand loads, thereby to improve the flexibility,

commercial utility and economy of this type of engine.

In an oil engine where the solid injection principle is employed it isextremely important that the charge of oil or fuel shall be injectedwith a proper velocity, and in a state of division sufficiently fine topermit an effective combination of the oil with the change of air in thecylinder. Under different conditions or with different engines, theamount of oil and the degree of atomization required may Vary and thepressure likewise may vary and it is an object of the present inventionto provide means by the use of which variations in the pressure and inthe degree of atomization may be effected.

It is well known that in engines of the Diesel type, the developed heatof compression will act to heat the injection nozzle and surroundingelements to such a degree as will 80 occasionally prevent theirfunctioning in a proper manner. These elements will tend to expand underthe influence of heat and any movable parts thereof are apt to bind.Accordingly,. another object of the present invention is to providemeans for adequately cooling the nozzle and also for cooling the valvewhich controls flow of fuel through the nozzle.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nozzleshaped and constructed in such a manner that it may be substituted forany known types of nozzle now in use, thereby to improve andincrease'the efficiency of the engine in which it is used.

To the attainment ofthe above and other objects which will appear as thedescription proceeds reference may be made to the accompanying sheet ofdrawing, in which Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation;

Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking downwardly;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of one nozzle element looking at right angles toFig. 1 and presenting the flat or inner face of the element; and

Fig. 4 is a plan of the extreme end of the nozzle looking upward in Fig.1.

Efforts have been made in the past to correct inadequate spraying byemploying injection orifices normally closed by spring seated valves.but these do not respond with sufficient delicacy to changes in theamount of charge. By the present invention requisite responses and rangeof capacity are secured by the provision of a nozzle having a normallyclosed resilient and self-adjusting orifice, which yields to the varyingpressure of the charge and provides an injection opening exactlyappropriate to such pressure, thereby to produce a spray blast eminentlysuited with respect to direction and fineness of atomization to a widerange of engine conditions. Such an orifice has a tendency to maintain aconstant and adequate spray velocity for all volumes of liquiddischarged, all variations in injection pressures being responsiveinstantly to the pressure of the charge of fuel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a threaded opening 10 in thecylinder head 11 is provided and an injection apparatus seated therein.Such apparatus comprises a housing 12 having a tubular portion 13 whichis externally threaded to engage the opening 10. An oil line 14communicating with any suitable source of oil under pressure (not shown)has its end seated in a packing member 15, and held in place by a capor-nut 16 threaded in the upper portion of the housing 12. In order toprovide an oil tight joint, the end of the line 14 is enlarged as at 17,the P cking 15 being suitably recessed to receive such enlargement, anda gasket 18 is placed between the nut 16 and the packing 15. Compressionof the gasket against the packing 15 and-around the enlargement 17 Willprovide a substantially non-leakable joint with the packing member 15.This member is perforated as at 19 to provide a continuation of the oilline and suitably counter sunk inafter'deseribed.

The nozzle proper consists of two duplicate members 25 each forming onehalf of the completed nozzle and tip. These members are each providedwith a central depression 26, of semi-circular cross-section which, whenthe two members are placed face to face against each other and securedin positionwill form a cylindrical chamber 27, extending almost entirelythe length of the nozzle 25. i

The tip of each nozzle member is hollow ground as at 28 leaving lipportions 29 eX- tending entirely across the end of the nozzle in closeengagement with each other. ater cooling passages 30 are provided foreach ember 25, so that a complete circulation into and out of eachmember may be effected. To facilitate draining of such passages anopening or plug 32 may be used at the lower end of the cooling channel.

Upon assembly of the entire device the nozzle members 25-, having beenaccurately machined to provide a close fit with each other are insertedin assembled relation through the tubular portion 13 of the housing 12with the upper flanged ends 33 seated on the portion 13, a gasketpreferably being placed therebetween. A check valve 21 is placed in thecentral opening 27, and is urged upwardly against the seat 20 by aspring 34E. It should be noted that the channels 26 are suitablyenlarged over a portion of their length to accommodate this spring, andto provide a flange 35 on which the said spring seats. The portion 14 ofthe oil line and the cap or nut 16 are then placed above the packing 15and the device is ready for operation. Pressure of oil through the linewill force the lips 29 away from each other to form an opening extendingtransversely of the nozzle. Because of the hollow ground portions 28this opening will start centrally of the nozzle tip and will spread tothe sides in radial directions in accordance with the degree of pressureplaced on the oil, the normal resiliency or elasticity of the membersand lips permitting this spreading and effecting a return of the partsupon removal of pressure.

In order to provide for increased pressures or to provide a variation inthe degree of opening of the nozzle, collars 36 are provided. Any numberof these collars may be used-in accordance with the requirements of theparticular engine, or working conditions, and it will be evident thatthe closer these collars are placed to the lips 29, the higher thedegree of pressure that will be required to open the nozzle lips.

The members 25 are threaded as indicated at 37 over a substantialportion of their length, beginning with the extreme tip or lip portion2, as indicated at 27, to receive the collars 36. Packing 38 in the formof annular gaskets will effectually prevent leakage of oil between thesections 25, and around the collars. 1

The importance of the collarscannot be over-estimated, for it is by theuse thereof that variations in the degree of atomization are obtained,and likewise it is by their use that an effective spray of oil undervariable pressure conditions is obtained.

It will also be obvious that the nozzle element itself embodying the twosections 25, and the collar or collars surrounding same may be utilizedin lieu of any nozzle now in use. This can be accomplished by merelydetaching the older nozzle and substituting the present form of nozzleby any desirable type of pipe connection, that shown in Fig. 1 being oneexample.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient lip normally closing one endthereof, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby'toopen said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means toadjustably restrict movements of said lip thereby to vary the openingresistance of said end to fuel pressures.

2. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one endthereof, said member consisting of a plurality of sections having matingsurfaces each provided w th a channel, said channels together forming abore for said member, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzlethereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and meansto vary the opening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures.

3. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one endthereof, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby toopen said normally closed end and spray the fuel, and means to vary theopening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures, comprising a collarencircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.-

4. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closing one endthereof, said member consisting of a plurality of sections having matingsurfaces each provided witlra channel, said channels together forming n;bore for said member. means to sppply fiiel under pressure to saidnozzle thereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, andmeans to vary the opening resistance of said end, to fuel pressures,comprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along thelength thereof.

5. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member having a spray tip normally closing one end thereof, saidtubular member being split at the tip to provide an orifice, means tosupply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open said normallyclosed end and spray the 011, and means at said tip offering a variableresistance to oil pressure within the member, and means to vary theopening resistance of said end, to oil pressures.

6. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising asplit tubular member having a spray tip normally .closjing one endthereof, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to opensald normally closed end and spray the oil, means at said tip ofiering avariable resistance to 011 pressure within the member, consisting of apair of contacting lips of radially increasing thickness, and means tovary the opening resistance of said end, to oil pressures.

7. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member having a spray tip normally closing one end thereof, saidtubular member being split-at the tip to provide an orifice, means tosupply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to open said normallyclosed end and spray the pil, means at said tip offering a variableresistance to oil pressure within the member, and

means to vary the opening resistance of said end to oil pressurescomprising a collar encircling said member and adjustable along thelength thereof.

8. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising asplit tubular member having a spray tip normally closing one endthereof, means to supply oil under pressure to said tip thereby to opensaid normally olosedend and spray the oil, means at said tip offering avariable resistance to oil pressure within the member, consistin of apair of lips of radially increasing thic mess, and means to vary theopening resistance of said end, to oil pressures, comprising a collarencircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof.

9. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient ti normally closing one endthereof, said mem er-consisting of a plurality of sections having matingsurfaces each rovided with a channel, said channels toget er forming abore for said member, means to su ply fuel under pressure to said nozzlethere y to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, means tovary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures, and means tocirculate cooling fluid through each of said sections.

10. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular member formed with a resilient tip normally closin one endthereof, said member consisting o a plurality of sections having matingsurfaces each provided with a channel, said channels together forming abore for said member, means to supply fuel under pressure to said nozzlethereby to open said normally closed end and spray the fuel, means tovary the opening resistance of said end to fuel pressures, comprising acollar encircling said member and adjustable along the length thereof,and means to circulate coolin fluid a depression in its end adjacent itsrespective lip thereby to produce a lip, the thickness of which,measured in a plane normal to the axis of the nozzle, increasesoutwardly from the center, whereby said nozzle will have a tip portionoffering a variable resistance to oil pressures within the nozzle,increasing radially outward from the center of the tip.

12. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines, comprisingdiametrically opposed members having normally contacting surfaces,opposed channels therein forming a bore for said nozzle, opposedcontacting surfaces adjacent one end of said nozzle and effective tonormally close an end of said bore, means to supply oil to said nozzleunder pressure sufficiently great to force said bore closing surfaces:apart thereby to permit atomized spraying of said fuel from the nozzle,and adjustable means to vary the resistance of said bore closingsurfaces to the pressure of the oil.

13. In a direct fuel injection system for internal combustion engines,an injection valve comprising a tubular member, having a bore normallyclosed at one end, said tubular member being split at said normallyclosed end of the bore means to mount said member in an internalcombustion engine,

means to connect said member to a source,

of fuel under sufficient pressure to open the normally closed bore, andadjustable means to vary the resistance of the bore closure to said fuelpressure.

14. In a direct fuel injection system for in- Ian te rnal combustionengines, an injection valve ance of the bore closure to said fuelpressure comprising a collar adjustably encircling said member.

15. Ina direct fuel. injection system for ino ternal combustion engines,an injection valve comprising a tubular member, having a bore normallyclosed at one end, said tubular member being split at said normallyclosed end of the bore means to mount said member in 20 an internalcombustion engine, means to connect said member to a source of fuelunder sufficient pressure to open the normally closed bore at the splitend, means to vary the resistance of the bore closure to said fuelpressure 15 comprising a collar adjustably encircling said member, andmeans extending through the tubular member to water cool said member.16. A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprising atubular 20 member of substantially constant diameter throughout itslength and having a resilient tip normally closing one end thereof,means to su ply fuel under pressure to said nozzle thereby to open saidnormally closed end and 25 spray the fuel, and means to vary the openingresistance of said end to fuel pressures comprising a plurality ofcollars each having substantially equal internal diameters, said collarsbeing arranged to encircle said mem- :-:9 her for adjustment along theline thereof.

in testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ALLEN T. CRUMBAKER.

